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> Streetscape and off -site access improvements; > District parking structures for replacement and /or shared parking; > Incremental costs of off - street structured or underground parking for developments; > Infrastructure upgrades (water /sewer, etc.); • Affordable and mixed - income housing development; > Costs associated with increased accessibility throughout multi -level construction; > Commercial /mixed -use development (e.g. ground floor local- serving retail space in advance of market viability); and > Land acquisition or parcel assembly and land banking. THE ROLE OF REDEVELOPMENT AGENCIES Historically, cities in California have formed redevelopment agencies have used tax increment finance (TIF) to upgrade their infrastructure, assemble land, and attract new private development to "blighted" areas. Although this redevelopment process offers a very powerful potential funding source for TOD, there are three reasons why it is problematic to rely on redevelopment as the sole mechanism for overcoming the funding gaps associated with TOD: (1) The primary goal of redevelopment is to eliminate blight, but not all blighted areas are also served by fixed- guideway transit or high- frequency bus, so there is not always an overlap between redevelopment project areas and transit station areas. Many TOD and infill opportunities are located in more suburban locations, including the parking lots of transit stations in outlying counties, where redevelopment is not a policy option. Other redevelopment project areas are focused in older industrial districts or low- income neighborhoods that are only marginally served by regional transit systems. Oakland's Uptown Project: Opening Fall 2008 The Uptown District in Oakland is in the midst ofa renaissance built on the redevelopment of several blocks. The Uptown Apartments, currently under construction, will include 665 rental apartments. 133 units (20 %) will be affordable to households earning under 50% of Area Median Income (AMI) with 33 units (5 %) affordable to households earning up to 120% AMI. 9,000 square feet of retail along Telegraph Avenue and there will be a new 25,000 square foot public park. The Uptown Apartments project has received over $54 million from the Oakland Redevelopment Agency and other City funding sources. These hinds include assistance with site acquisition, property tax abatement, and hazardous materials abatement, as well as funding for off -site improvements and the public park. Several more planned projects, including a 100% affordable, 80 -unit apartment building and a high -rise apartment building will add to the neighborhood revitalization effort. New restaurants and small businesses are starting to flourish, and many adjacent property owners have begun to rehabilitate their buildings. Barriers to 70D and Regional Funding Needs 13