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to assist landlords in removing accessibility barriers to expand rental opportunities for persons with physical disabilities..In addition,the City has used local,State,and HOME funds to construct and or acquire and rehabilitate housing units for rental by persons with physical, mental, and developmental disabilities. • In 1999, Pleasanton helped establish the Tri-Valley Housing Scholarship Program which offers tenant-based rental assistance to households that are homeless or at risk of being homeless. Subsidies are provided while the head of household is undergoing job training. Over 90% of households served are headed by female heads of households,and the majority of clients have been minority households. • The City collaborated with other Tri-Valley jurisdictions to establish the Tri-Valley Housing Opportunity Center(TVHOC)which opened in 2005.The TVHOC functions as a "clearing house," initially for ownership programs and ultimately for a continuum of housing assistance of different types. Now in its ninth year of operation, the TVHOC recently started providing important resources in response to the increased frequency of loan defaults and foreclosures. Discussion Funding. One of the significant barriers to affordable housing in Pleasanton and the surrounding region is the high cost of developing and maintaining affordable housing. The City of Pleasanton will apply CDBG, HOME, and City Lower Income Housing Funds toward affordable housing projects and programs in FY 2014. The City has also monitored the availability of specialized grants for housing development (e.g., State DDS-R and HELP). The City will also continue to utilize its Lower Income Housing Fund (supported through payment of the Lower Income Housing Fee by developers) to finance activities promoting affordable housing. Land Costs.The City does not have ownership of any significant parcels of land at the present time(with the exception of the 03 acre site that is planned to be used as part of the Kottinger Gardens development). Therefore, the market cost of land is posing an ongoing constraint to new affordable housing development in which the City has direct involvement. However, the City has worked and will continue to work with individual developers and with the owners of large land holdings to attempt to reserve additional sites for affordable housing development during the five-year Strategic Plan period. The City was recently successful in negotiating 15 percent set-asides of affordable housing units in several new rental apartment developments. The adoption of an Inclusionary Zoning Ordinance in late 2000 has yielded positive results in the form of discussions of possible land dedication in lieu of builders • providing affordable housing units, although the strength of inclusionary requirements has been challenged by recent legal actions. The completion of the updated Housing Element in 2012 (and the current update for 2013-2015) may provide additional land ownership opportunities that can be utilized to create new affordable housing. Housing Development Costs.The City will continue to work to offset the costs of housing development by waiving certain City fees for affordable rental and ownership housing units and by providing various types of subsidies through the use of its Lower Income Housing Fund. The example was cited earlier in this report of extensive fee waivers that have been granted in the past to defray development costs and promote affordable housing construction. Annual Action Plan 30 2014(DRAFT) OMB Control No:2506-0117(exp.07/31/2015)