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Sources, Health Effects, and Typical Controls Associated with Criteria Pollutants
<br />Sources, Health Effects, and Typical Controls Associated with Criteria Pollutants
<br />Ozone (03)
<br />Carbon monoxide
<br />(CO)
<br />Nitrogen dioxide
<br />(NO2)
<br />Sulfur dioxide
<br />(SO2)
<br />Respirable
<br />particulate matter
<br />(PMio)
<br />Fine particulate
<br />matter (PM2.5)
<br />Lead
<br />Sulfur Dioxide
<br />(SO2)
<br />Sulfates
<br />Formed when reactive organic
<br />gases (ROG) and nitrogen
<br />oxides react in the presence of
<br />sunlight. ROG sources include
<br />any source that burns fuels
<br />(e.g., gasoline, natural gas,
<br />wood, oil); solvents;
<br />petroleum processing and
<br />storage.
<br />Any source that burns fuel
<br />such as automobiles, trucks,
<br />heavy construction and
<br />farming equipment, residential
<br />heating.
<br />See Carbon Monoxide.
<br />Coal or oil burning power
<br />plants and industries,
<br />refineries, diesel engines.
<br />Road dust, windblown dust,
<br />agriculture and construction,
<br />fireplaces. Also formed from
<br />other pollutants (NOx, SOx,
<br />organics).
<br />Fuel combustion in motor
<br />vehicles, equipment, and
<br />industrial sources; residential
<br />and agricultural burning. Also
<br />formed from reaction of other
<br />pollutants (NOx, SOx, organics,
<br />and NH3).
<br />Metal smelters, resource
<br />recovery, leaded gasoline,
<br />deterioration of lead paint.
<br />Coal or oil burning power
<br />plants and industries,
<br />refineries, diesel engines.
<br />Produced by reaction in the air
<br />Of SO2, (see S02 sources), a
<br />component of acid rain.
<br />Breathing difficulties, lung
<br />tissue damage, vegetation
<br />damage, damage to rubber
<br />and some plastics.
<br />Chest pain in heart patients,
<br />headaches, reduced mental
<br />alertness.
<br />Lung irritation and damage.
<br />Reacts in the atmosphere to
<br />form ozone and acid rain.
<br />Increases lung disease and
<br />breathing problems for
<br />asthmatics. Reacts in the
<br />atmosphere to form acid rain.
<br />Increased respiratory disease,
<br />lung damage, cancer,
<br />premature death, reduced
<br />visibility, surface soiling.
<br />Increases respiratory disease,
<br />lung damage, cancer, and
<br />premature death, reduced
<br />visibility, surface soiling.
<br />Particles can aggravate heart
<br />diseases such as congestive
<br />heart failure and coronary
<br />artery disease.
<br />Learning disabilities, brain and
<br />kidney damage. Control metal
<br />smelters.
<br />Increases lung disease and
<br />breathing problems for
<br />asthmatics. Reacts in the
<br />atmosphere to form acid rain
<br />Breathing difficulties,
<br />aggravates asthma, reduced
<br />visibility.
<br />Reduce motor vehicle reactive
<br />organic gas (ROG) and
<br />nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions
<br />through emission standards,
<br />reformulated fuels,
<br />inspections programs, and
<br />reduced vehicle use. Limit
<br />ROG emissions from
<br />commercial operations,
<br />gasoline refueling facilities,
<br />and consumer products. Limit
<br />ROG and NOx emissions from
<br />industrial sources such as
<br />power plants and
<br />manufacturing facilities.
<br />Control motor vehicle and
<br />industrial emissions. Use
<br />oxygenated gasoline during
<br />winter months. Conserve
<br />energy.
<br />Control motor vehicle and
<br />industrial combustion
<br />emissions. Conserve energy.
<br />Reduce use of high sulfur fuels
<br />(e.g., use low sulfur
<br />reformulated diesel or natural
<br />gas). Conserve energy.
<br />Control dust sources,
<br />industrial particulate
<br />emissions, woodburning
<br />stoves and fireplaces. Reduce
<br />secondary pollutants which
<br />react to form PM10. Conserve
<br />energy.
<br />Reduce combustion emissions
<br />from motor vehicles,
<br />equipment, industries, and
<br />agricultural and residential
<br />burning. Precursor controls,
<br />like those for ozone, reduce
<br />fine particle formation in the
<br />atmosphere.
<br />No lead in gasoline or paint
<br />Reduce use of high sulfur fuels
<br />(e.g., use low sulfur
<br />reformulated diesel or natural
<br />gas). Conserve energy.
<br />See SO2
<br />Final Initial Study—Negative Declaration A-1
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