14 ATTACHMENT 6 - Appendix A - E

39 Areas where the larval and adult food plants grow do not always coincide with areas where mate location and other behaviors occur. For instance, adults tend to search for mates by congregating on hilltops (“hilltopping”). Adult males will also patrol breeding habitat in search of newly emerged females. Females, on the other hand, tend to spend more time in non-flight activities such as basking and perching. Source: Arnold, Richard A. 2008. Occurrence on the Site. A focused survey for the Callippe silverspot butterfly larval host plant, viola, was conducted on the proposed development areas, slope stabilization areas and a minimum 75-foot buffer in May 2017 and the larval host species was not detected. Additionally, these areas of the site do not support significant populations of nectar plants for this species. Therefore, we have concluded that habitat for the butterfly is absent from the site and the project will not impact habitat or individuals of this species. California Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma californiense). Federal Listing Status: Threatened; State Listing Status: Threatened. Life History and Ecology. The California tiger salamander (CTS) is a large terrestrial salamander, with adults attaining a total length of over 8 inches (203 millimeters) [Stebbins 1951]. Dorsally, the background color appears to be jet black, and normally with an overlain pattern of white or yellow spots, or bars (Stebbins 1985; Petranka 1998). Adult California tiger salamanders breed from late November through February, following the onset of winter rains (Storer 1925; Barry and Shaffer 1994). Both males and females travel up to 1 mile (1.6 km) or more during nocturnal breeding migrations from subterranean refuge, or aestivation, sites (i.e., small mammal burrows) to egg deposition sites in long-lasting, rain-filled vernal pools (Twitty 1941; Loredo et al. 1961; Andersen 1968; Austin and Shaffer 1992). Embryos of California tiger salamanders hatch in approximately 14-28 days after being laid and the resulting gilled, aquatic larvae [0.41-0.43 inches (10.5-11 mm) in length] require a minimum of about 10-12 weeks to complete development through metamorphosis (Storer 1925; Twitty 1941). Following metamorphosis (normally from early May through July), juveniles emigrate en masse at night into small mammal burrows or deep cracks in the soil, which they use as refugia during the hot summer and fall months (Shaffer et al. 1993; Loredo et al. 1996).