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Introduction <br />Tree establishment and long-term survival can be impacted greatly by the actions taken during planting, <br />such as the width and depth of the planting hole, placing the tree at the right depth, and proper staking. <br />Refer to this appendix covers tree planting details and use the appendix for tree spacing guidelines to <br />minimize future infrastructure conflicts. The table below provide explanations on why these practices are <br />important for tree longevity. <br />Table D-1. Tree Planting Characteristics <br /> <br />Characteristic Reasoning Relation to Longevity <br />Planting depth Planting a tree too deep or too <br />shallow will inhibit the tree’s <br />establishment and growth. <br />If planted too shallow, tree roots will not have <br />soil to establish in, decreasing the water and <br />nutrients available to the tree overall. <br /> <br />Planting a tree too deeply, may cause roots to <br />suffocate and cause root rot. <br />Water at planting Ensure newly planted trees <br />receives 15 gallons of water, <br />applied slowly upon planting. <br />Watering a tree after planting reduces <br />transplant shock experienced by the tree and <br />its roots, helping establishment. <br />Staking at planting Trees that lean at the time of <br />planting should be staked with <br />one, two, or three stakes and <br />supported by flexible ties. Each <br />stake and tie shall allow <br />movement of the tree trunk to <br />develop trunk taper. <br />Leaning trees can be corrected to grow <br />vertically with the support of stakes and ties. <br />Trees that grow with a lean into maturity can <br />potentially cause conflicts with pedestrian or <br />vehicle paths of travel. <br /> <br />Tying stakes to a tree too tightly will prevent <br />movement of the tree, slowing the growth of <br />the trunk and inhibiting establishment of a <br />strong root system that can support the tree <br />during high wind events. <br />Plant early in the <br />planting season <br />Plant trees in winter months <br />while rain events are likely and <br />high heat events are less <br />frequent. <br />Planting new trees in winter months will allow <br />the tree to take advantage of rain events and <br />limited heat stress. Providing water to newly <br />planted trees through the planting season <br />when not naturally occurring, assist the tree <br />in the early phases of establishment.