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City of Pleasanton—Hidden Canyon Residences and Preserve Air Quality Draft EIR 3.2-4 FirstCarbon Solutions https://adecinnovations.sharepoint.com/sites/PublicationsSite/Shared Documents/Publications/Client (PN-JN)/2148/21480016/EIR/3 - Draft EIR/21480016 Sec03-02 Air Quality.docx Criteria Pollutant Physical Description and Properties Most Relevant Effects from Pollutant Exposure Sources droplets of water, or solid cores with liquid coatings. • Particulate matter that is between 2.5 and 10 microns in diameter (one micron is one-millionth of a meter). for worsening of respiratory disease • Reduced visibility and material soiling • Dust from construction sites, landfills, and agriculture • Combustion from oil • Burning wood and wildfires • Burning of brushes and wastes • Factories and industrial facilities Particulate matter (PM2.5) • A mixture of small particles that consist of dry solid fragments, droplets of water, or solid cores with liquid coatings. • Particulate matter that is 2.5 microns or less in diameter, about one- thirtieth the size of the average human hair. • Premature death • Hospitalization for worsening of cardiovascular disease • Hospitalization for respiratory disease • Asthma-related emergency room visits • Increased symptoms, increased inhaler usage • Gasoline- and diesel- powered mobile vehicles • Combustion of oil and wood Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) • A precursor to ozone, PM10, and PM2.5 formation. • Can react with compounds to form nitric acid and related small particles and result in particulate matter related health effects. • Lung irritation • Intensified allergic responses • Motor vehicle internal combustion engines • Fossil fuel-fired electric utility and industrial boilers Carbon monoxide (CO) • A colorless, odorless, toxic gas • Somewhat soluble in water. • Chest pain in patients with heart disease • Headache • Light-headedness • Reduced mental alertness • Motor vehicle internal combustion engines • Fossil fuel-fired electric utility and industrial boilers Sulfur dioxide (SO2) • A colorless, pungent gas. • At levels greater than 0.5 parts per million (ppm), has a strong odor, similar to rotten eggs. Sulfur oxides (SOX) include sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide. • Sulfuric acid is formed from sulfur dioxide, which can lead to acid deposition and can harm natural resources and materials. • Worsening of asthma: increased symptoms, increased medication usage, and emergency room visits • Combustion of sulfur- containing fuel from motor vehicles, locomotives, ships, and off-road diesel equipment • Industrial processes • Geothermal fields