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City of Pleasanton—Hidden Canyon Residences and Preserve Draft EIR Air Quality FirstCarbon Solutions 3.2-13 https://adecinnovations.sharepoint.com/sites/PublicationsSite/Shared Documents/Publications/Client (PN-JN)/2148/21480016/EIR/3 - Draft EIR/21480016 Sec03-02 Air Quality.docx • Detention centers or correctional facilities; and • Senior-care facilities.19 Odors and Dust Other air quality issues of concern in the SFBAAB include nuisance impacts of odors and dust. Objectionable odors may be associated with a variety of pollutants. Common sources of odors include wastewater treatment plants, landfills, composting facilities, refineries, and chemical plants. Similarly, nuisance dust may be generated by a variety of sources including quarries, agriculture, grading, construction, and roads. Odors rarely have direct health effects among the public. Each year the BAAQMD receives thousands of citizen complaints about objectionable odors. Dust emissions can contribute to increased ambient concentrations of PM10 and can also contribute to reduced visibility and soiling of exposed surfaces. 3.2.3 - Regulatory Framework Air quality with respect to criteria air pollutants and TACs within the SFBAAB is regulated by such agencies as the BAAQMD, ARB, and EPA, along with local government agencies. Each of these agencies develops rules, regulations, policies, and/or goals to attain the goals or directives imposed through legislation. Although EPA regulations may not be superseded, both State and local regulations may be more stringent. 3.2.4 - Criteria Air Pollutants Federal Regulations The EPA is the governing body responsible for regulating air pollution in the United States and setting nationwide air quality and emissions standards. The EPA’s air quality mandates are drawn primarily from the federal Clean Air Act (CAA), which was enacted in 1963 and amended in 1970, 1977, and 1990. The CAA required the EPA to establish primary and secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).20 The CAA also requires each state to prepare an air quality control plan referred to as a State Implementation Plan (SIP). The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 require states with nonattainment areas to revise their SIPs to incorporate additional control measures to reduce air pollution. The SIP is periodically modified to reflect the latest emissions inventories, planning documents, and rules and regulations of the air basins as reported by their jurisdictional agencies. The EPA has responsibility to review all state SIPs to determine conformation to the mandates of the CAA and determine if implementation will achieve air quality goals. If the EPA determines a SIP to be inadequate, a Federal Implementation Plan may be prepared for the nonattainment area that imposes additional control measures. Failure to submit an approvable SIP or to implement the plan 19 Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). 2022. CEQA Guidelines Appendix E: Recommended Methods for Screening and Modeling Local Risks. 20 United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2024. NAAQS Table. February. Website: https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air- pollutants/naaqs-table. Accessed February 25, 2025.