_DEIR - Laserfiche WebLink

City of Pleasanton—Hidden Canyon Residences and Preserve Draft EIR Cultural Resources and Tribal Cultural Resources FirstCarbon Solutions 3.4-3 https://adecinnovations.sharepoint.com/sites/PublicationsSite/Shared Documents/Publications/Client (PN-JN)/2148/21480016/EIR/3 - Draft EIR/21480016 Sec03-04 Cultural-Tribal Cultural Resources.docx later periods. This change from hunter-collectors to an increased sedentary lifestyle is due to more efficient resource procurement but with a focus on staple food exploitation, the increased ability to store food at village locations, and the development of increasing complex social and political systems including long-distance trade networks. Native American site types in the general area consist of habitation sites (e.g., villages and long-term camps including burials, temporary camps), non-habitation sites (e.g., workshops, hunting and butchering sites, etc.), bedrock mortars or other milling feature sites, rock art sites (e.g., petroglyph and pictographs), quarries, burial sites (including isolated burials), and trails. Native American Background-Ethnographic The Aboriginal inhabitants of southern Alameda County belonged to a Native American group known as the "Costanoan," derived from the Spanish word Costanos ("coast people" or "coastal dwellers") who occupied the central California coast as far east as the Diablo Range. Costanoan is part of the larger Penutian or Utian language stock spoken by other central California Indian groups known as the Wintun, Maidu, Miwok and Yokuts, and was subdivided into eight separate and mutually unintelligible languages. The descendants of these Native Americans now prefer to be called Ohlone. In 1770 the Ohlone lived in approximately 50 separate and politically autonomous tribelets with each group having one or more permanent villages surrounded by a number of temporary camps. Physiographic features usually defined the territory of each group which generally supported a population of approximately 200 persons with a range of between 50-500 individuals. The Pelnen Tribal group of the Chochenyo Tribelet of the Ohlone appear to have occupied the general project vicinity. The Pelnen appear to have occupied the western part of the Livermore Valley including present-day Pleasanton. Alice L. Hall places the probable village of Pelnen and Cavurun, southeast of the proposed project site (e.g., vicinity the Arroyo del Valle Creek [sic], each a short distance from the extensive willow marsh/Tulare Lake) and the probable village of Causen (just south of the junction of Arroyo de la Laguna with Alameda Creek). Cavurun appears to have been a subsidiary village of the Pelnens occupied by the Caburans, a small group of about six families. No known Native American villages, trails, traditional use areas or contemporary use areas have been identified in or adjacent to the project. By the 1870s until about 1914 most of the Native Americans in the East Bay were living on the rancho of Juan Bernal about a mile west of Pleasanton at a place called “Alisal” (The Alders). A number of ethnographers interviewed Native Americans residing at Pleasanton in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Plains Miwok and Spanish were commonly spoken at the rancheria and most also spoke English. The 1906 special Indian census of 1906 lists 28 individuals at Pleasanton. Regional Historic Background The history of the San Francisco Bay Region can be divided into the Spanish Period (1769-1821), the Mexican Period (1822-1848), and the American Period (1848-onward). During the Spanish Period government policy in northwestern New Spain was directed at the founding of presidios (forts), missions, and pueblos (secular towns) with the land held by the Crown. Later Mexican Period policy stressed individual ownership of the land with grants of vast tracts of land to individuals.