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Hana Japan Restaurant Project Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration 22 May 2025 the acutely ill, and the chronically ill) are likely to be located. Accordingly, land uses that are typically considered to be sensitive receptors include residences, schools, playgrounds, childcare centers, retirement homes, convalescent homes, hospitals, and medical clinics. The existing land uses in the project area consist of single-family residential development to the south and west, commercial development to the north and east. The nearest existing sensitive receptors are the single-family residences located south of the project site, with the closest to the area of disturbance within the project site located approximately 180 feet to the south. The major pollutant concentrations of concern are localized carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and TAC emissions, which are addressed in further detail below. Localized CO Emissions Localized concentrations of CO are related to the levels of traffic and congestion along streets and at intersections. High levels of localized CO concentrations are only expected where background levels are high, and traffic volumes and congestion levels are high. Emissions of CO are of potential concern, as the pollutant is a toxic gas that results from the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels such as gasoline or wood. In order to provide a conservative indication of whether a project would result in localized CO emissions that would exceed the applicable threshold of significance, the BAAQMD has established screening criteria for localized CO emissions. According to BAAQMD, a proposed project would result in a less-than-significant impact related to localized CO emission concentrations if all of the following conditions are true for the project: • The project is consistent with an applicable congestion management program established by the county congestion management agency for designated roads or highways, regional transportation plan, and local congestion management agency plans; • The project traffic would not increase traffic volumes at affected intersections to more than 44,000 vehicles per hour; and • The project traffic would not increase traffic volumes at affected intersections to more than 24,000 vehicles per hour where vertical and/or horizontal mixing is substantially limited (e.g., tunnel, parking garage, underpass, etc.). As discussed in Section XVII, Transportation, of this IS/MND, the City of Pleasanton has not yet established any standards or thresholds regarding VMT; however, the Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation (LCI) (formerly known as the Office of Planning and Research) released a Technical Advisory to evaluate transportation impacts pursuant to CEQA, which includes screening thresholds that can be applied to a project to determine whether that project can be presumed to cause a less-than-significant amount of VMT, in which case the project could be screened out of doing further VMT analysis.8 Because the proposed project would include commercial uses less than 50,000 sf, the proposed project can be presumed to be a local-serving facility and, as such, would not have a significant impact related to VMT. Therefore, the proposed project would remain consistent with applicable congestion management plans and would not increase traffic volumes past 44,000 vehicles per hour 8 Governor’s Office of Planning and Research. Technical Advisory on Evaluating Transportation Impacts in CEQA. December 2018.