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PAGE 52 more affluent and not previously needed services, such as people who have been laid off in the tech industry. It is important to note that though housing affordability is a problem across the region, there are differences between the three cities, and racial and ethnic sub-populations are disproportionately affected. As discussed above and shown in Figure 42, a substantial proportion of the population across the Tri-Valley is considered housing-cost burdened, meaning that households spend 30% or more of their income on housing costs (either mortgage or rent). Downtown areas are particularly affected by housing costs. Additionally, as discussed above and shown in Table 18 and Figure 40, renters are more likely than homeowners to be housing-cost burdened. As seen in Table 19, in the Tri-Valley—as in Alameda County and most other places in the United States—nonwhite individuals are far more likely to rent than to own their homes.14 As a result, there are racial disparities when it comes to housing cost burden in the Tri- Valley. One exception is for the Asian sub-population, among whom rates of home ownership are much higher (and renter rates lower) as compared to the county and the state (Table 19). Percent of Households that Spend 30% or More of Income on Housing Costs Figure 42. Housing Burden by Location Sources: US Census Bureau ACS 5-year 2017-2021 Geographies shown are census block groups WHITE BLACK ASIAN HISPANIC OWN RENT OWN RENT OWN RENT OWN RENT Dublin 57.3 42.7 29.6 70.4 73.0 27.0 53.4 46.6 Livermore 75.1 24.9 53.8 46.2 81.5 18.5 47.5 52.5 Pleasanton 69.0 31.0 11.1 88.9 72.5 27.5 42.6 57.4 Tri-Valley 64.5 35.5 40.0 60.0 73.6 26.4 54.9 45.1 Alameda County 59.6 40.4 32.1 67.9 62.8 37.2 39.5 60.5 California 60.0 40.0 35.6 64.4 60.4 39.6 45.4 54.6 Table 19. Home Ownership and Renter Rates by Race and Ethnicity Source: US Census Bureau ACS 5-year 2017–2021 EASTERN ALAMEDA COUNTY HUMAN SERVICES NEEDS ASSESSMENTSS Page 110 of 554