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City of Pleasanton—Hidden Canyon Residences and Preserve Energy Draft EIR 3.5-2 FirstCarbon Solutions https://adecinnovations.sharepoint.com/sites/PublicationsSite/Shared Documents/Publications/Client (PN-JN)/2148/21480016/EIR/3 - Draft EIR/21480016 Sec03-05 Energy.docx and electricity. In 2023, the State had 597 renewable diesel refueling stations, 57 private hydrogen stations and seven retail hydrogen stations.2 Electricity can be used to power electric and Plug-in Hybrid-Electric Vehicles (PHEVs ) directly from the power grid. Electricity used to power vehicles is generally provided by the electricity grid and stored in the vehicles’ batteries. Fuel cells are being explored to use electricity generated onboard the vehicle to power electric motors. As of August 2024, California had a reported 153,034 public and shared private electric vehicle chargers; Santa Clara County had a reported 23,665 chargers, the second highest in the State, after Los Angeles County. This includes 971 Public DC fast chargers, 6,088 Public Level 2 and 16,145 Shared Private DC fast chargers.3 Construction Sector Estimates of construction fuel are not available as a subcategory of industrial usage; however, construction fuel is known to be a significant contributor to industrial fuel consumption. The construction industry is a major user of diesel fuel as it is utilized almost exclusively in off-road construction equipment. Diesel is the fuel of choice because it has 12 percent more energy per gallon than gasoline and has fuel properties that prolong engine life, making it ideal for heavy-duty vehicle applications. Biodiesel was introduced into California in 2000 and Renewable Diesel in 2012. Biodiesel is predominantly made from soybean and recycled oils into a unique diesel fuel (it can be blended into transportation fuels but is not a substitute for diesel fuel). Renewable Diesel is predominantly made from animal waste oils and the finished fuel is nearly identical to petroleum- based diesel.4 The chemical and structural properties of renewable diesel are similar to petroleum- derived (conventional) diesel and can be used as a direct substitute for conventional diesel (up to 100 percent or R100). Blends of renewable diesel and conventional diesel are labeled with an R followed by the percentage (by volume) of the renewable diesel content. 5 California consumed nearly 40 million barrels of renewable diesel in 2022 6, compared to 1 million barrels in 2011 and 28 million barrels in 2021. This is largely a result of the LCFS which went into effect in 2011.7 This represents a significant shift away from traditional diesel with clean fuels replacing over 50 percent of the diesel used in the State in the first quarter of 2023.8 Residential and Commercial Sector Electricity and natural gas are distributed through the various electric load-serving entities (LSEs) in California. These entities include investor-owned utilities (IOUs), publicly owned LSEs, rural electric 2 United States Department of Energy (DOE). 2024. Alternative Fueling Station Counts by State. Website: https://afdc.energy.gov/stations/states. Accessed March 6, 2025. 3 California Energy Commission (CEC). 2024. Electric Vehicle Chargers in California. Website: https://www.energy.ca.gov/data- reports/energy-almanac/zero-emission-vehicle-and-infrastructure-statistics-collection/electric. Accessed March 6, 2025. 4 California Energy Commission (CEC). 2024. Diesel Fuel Data, Facts, and Statistics. Website: https://www.energy.ca.gov/data- reports/energy-almanac/transportation-energy/diesel-fuel-data-facts-and-statistics. Accessed March 6, 2025. 5 California Air Resources Board (ARB). 2024. Fact Sheet: Renewable Diesel Fuel Requirements. Website: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fact-sheets/fact-sheet-renewable-diesel-fuel-requirements. Accessed March 6, 2025. 6 United States Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2024. State Profiles and Energy Estimates. Website:https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_fuel/html/pdf/fuel_use_rd.pdf Accessed March 6, 2025. 7 United States Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2023. Almost all U.S. renewable diesel is consumed in California; most is not made there. Website: https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=57180#, July 20. Accessed March 6, 2025. 8 California Air Resources Board (ARB). 2023. Press Release 23-24: Low Carbon Fuel Standard drives shift away from petroleum. Website: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/first-time-50-california-diesel-fuel-replaced-clean-fuels. August 23. Accessed March 6, 2025.