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City of Pleasanton—Hidden Canyon Residences and Preserve Draft EIR Greenhouse Gas Emissions FirstCarbon Solutions 3.7-9 https://adecinnovations.sharepoint.com/sites/PublicationsSite/Shared Documents/Publications/Client (PN-JN)/2148/21480016/EIR/3 - Draft EIR/21480016 Sec03-07 GHG.docx operation. The activity factor is a measure of how active a piece of equipment or device is and can be represented as the amount of material processed, elapsed time that a piece of equipment is in operation, horsepower of a piece of equipment used, the fuel consumption rate, or Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) per day. The ARB has published emission factors for on-road mobile vehicles/trucks in the Emission Factor (EMFAC) mobile source emissions model and emission factors for off-road equipment and vehicles in the OFF-ROAD emissions model. An air emissions model (or calculator) combines the emission factors and the levels of activity and outputs the emissions for the various pieces of equipment. GHG Analysis Methodology Construction Construction emissions can vary substantially from day to day, depending on the level of activity, the specific type of operation, and prevailing weather conditions. Construction emissions result from on- site and off-site activities. On-site emissions principally consist of exhaust emissions from the activity of light and heavy-duty construction equipment, and motor vehicle operation. Off-site emissions are caused by motor vehicle exhaust from delivery vehicles and worker traffic. Construction emissions reported in this analysis were modeled using CalEEMod Version 2022.1. Schedule Based on applicant-provided information, the construction was estimated to begin in early 2026 and would last for approximately 3 years. The construction emissions modeling reflects that duration and is assumed for the purposes of this environmental analysis. The construction schedule used in the analysis represents a “worst-case” analysis scenario because emission factors for construction equipment decrease as the analysis year increases due to improvements in technology and compliance with more stringent regulatory requirements. Therefore, construction emissions would decrease if the construction schedule moved to later years. The duration of construction activity and associated equipment represent a reasonable approximation of the expected construction fleet as required by the CEQA Guidelines. Construction activities that emit GHG emissions would consist of demolition, site preparation, grading, and building construction. The modeled construction schedule, worker commute trips, vendor and haul truck trips, and construction equipment, along with hours of operation per day, horsepower, and load factor are available in Appendix B. Construction Equipment Tiers and Emission Factors A summary of the on-site, off-road construction equipment usage assumptions used to estimate emissions is presented in Appendix B. This analysis uses the CalEEMod default horsepower and load factors for off-road equipment. Off-road equipment is modeled using the “Average” option which uses Statewide average fleetwide emission factors from ARB’s ORION model for the project construction year (for the unmitigated scenario). Demolition Quantities of demolition materials may be entered directly in tons or calculated using methods internal to CalEEMod based on the square footage of the building. Because the demolition quantities assume a building structure and demolition would involve both a building and substantial quantities of pavement removal, the amount of material quantity for each was determined outside of