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CAP 2.0 Action Quantification Outcomes Actions were further divided into two categories: • Existing actions: Actions that are already underway, planned, and/or budgeted for implementation and will result in future GHG emissions reductions. • CAP actions: Actions that represent new or expanded activities as compared to the City's current or planned activities. Cost Estimation Action implementation costs were estimated for both costs to the City and community: • Community costs estimate how much it will cost an average resident, business, or developer to implement the measure as compared to a business -as -usual scenario. • City costs estimate costs related to consultant services and procurement. Similar to the impact analysis, the consultant estimated costs for all measures in the prioritized shortlist. The estimated cost was based on consultant experience, available literature, consultation with peer cities, and City staff input, and included the following cost elements: Initial start-up costs, in the form of consultant and capital expenses. Ongoing costs through 2031over a 10 -year timeframe, including continued labor expenses, maintenance, and monitoring/evaluation of resource needs. City staff time required for action implementation was evaluated separately and is not included in the cost estimations as some of the anticipated staff time may be absorbed into existing City staff. City staff reviewed the cost estimations—especially the City cost element (e.g., estimated FTE requirements). To the extent possible, the consultant provided citations for consulted literature and case studies, although information on climate action costs is very limited at this time. Where known, the analysis includes consideration of partnerships. However, the analysis does not include potential grants and other funding sources, so estimates here may be conservative representations of the City's final cost. A more detailed funding plan will be provided in future stages of the plan. Emission Reduction Estimation The consultant explicitly modelled emissions reductions associated with proposed CAP 2.0 actions. Modeling built from the emissions forecast and considered interacting actions to avoid double counting, such as impacts of EV vehicle use on community electricity consumption. All assumptions are provided for transparency and City/stakeholder review and outcomes are visualized in both table and graphical format. N CASCADIA Page 4 CONSULTING GROUP